LEE- Şehir ve Bölge Planlama-Doktora
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Konu "Communication and technology" ile LEE- Şehir ve Bölge Planlama-Doktora'a göz atma
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ÖgeModeling socio-spatial change: Impact of socio-technological factors on future urban space configuration(Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2021) Hamurcu Ulubaş, Aslı ; Terzi, Fatih ; 709826 ; Şehir ve Bölge PlanlamaWith the Information Age, physicality and virtuality are blending with each other and demanding for a new understanding of urban space. The ways of doing things, in other words the ways of living, are changing, and in return, the space needed for these actions to take place is going under a multi-dimensional metamorphosis. It seems that the multilayered networks of relations are gaining new and multiple attributes, features and spatialities. Form, function and meaning of space are under a (re)construction by these new multilayered networks of relations. Therefore, revealing the impact of advancements in new information and communication technologies (nICTs) on the urban space is becoming crucial to understand the socio-technological factors and their possible outcomes so as to fulfill the upcoming spatial needs of the society. Moving from this point of view, this study aims, first, to model the socio-spatial change, and second, to put forward how socio-spatiality is changing along with the developments in nICTs in the twenty-first century, and how socio-technological factors are affecting urban space in terms of formation of new urban functions/uses or spaces that will habit/suit/house these dynamics within the city. However, making generalizations on the circumstances of socio-technological factors might be misleading in case of taking action in urban regeneration processes, as cultural, economic, societal, and political dynamics differ among different geographies. Understanding the local dynamics of a certain case area is, in this manner, inevitable to speculate upon the future of that area. For this reason, Kadıköy historical city center in Istanbul, Turkey is chosen as the case study area as, today, it houses/hosts a variety of dynamic socio-cultural groups along with a variety of cultural, economic, physical, and soci(et)al circumstances. In this context, this dissertation mainly consists of two parts that are intertwined on the theoretical basis. In the first part of the study (Chapter 2 and Chapter 3), socio-spatial change is examined a posteriori to the case study area. This part of the thesis covers each step taken to model socio-spatial change in the predefined case study area. In the second part of the study (Chapter 4 and Chapter 5), a discussion on the proposal of a theoretical framework for defining socio-technological factors based on socio-spatial dialectic, and their implications on future urban spatial configuration from the same predefined case study area is made. Each chapter dedicated to each step taken to carry out this thesis is prepared in the format of an article manuscript and been submitted to international peer-reviewed journals. At the time this thesis is submitted, first three articles were published in different indexed journals. To begin with, in the first part of the study, first of all, a preliminary study is conducted to define the socio-spatial change from a historical background and to reveal the dynamics and parameters of this change (Chapter 2). This preliminary study is also supported by morphological analyses (on building, plot, and street schemes) so as to discover the change in space in relation to changing social structure. Based on the findings, some inferences, depending on the predefined social (population change, social diversity, and income group) and morphological (settlement pattern, street pattern, and variation of land use) components, are made about changing socio-spatialities in the given place by means of time-space-society relations. The results show that each socio-cultural group brought their own culture and adapted their physical environment according to their basic needs. Besides, culture has a restrictive and an explanatory effect on the formation of space. In addition to culture, population growth and the adaptive capacity of society to external forces demanding change in the urban space also turn out to unavoidably affect the development scheme of the morphological character of the area. This chapter is published in the journal Spatium with the same title. However, it was come up with the result that this preliminary study was not enough to define the relationship between the social structure and the morphological development as a means of magnitude. In other words, like many other empirical studies, at some point, this preliminary study remained limited to put forward the direction of the relationship and also the power exerted by 'affecter' on the 'affected'. For this reason, as a second step forward (Chapter 3), by (re)processing data, existing visual and written sources were turned into non-parametric data (dummy variables), and then, they were categorized in nominal and ordinal scales. By this, several independent (cultural diversity, family type, income level, ownership status) and dependent (land use type, land cover, building type, building layout, settlement type, settlement pattern, street pattern, commercial pattern) variables are defined for making categorical regression analysis to estimate the relationships between these variables along with their impact on each other by determining the magnitude and the power for each defined variable. Thus, with this approach, each and every variable defined as a part of social structure are tested in terms of their effect on each and every variable defined as a part of morphological development. Results of the study show that urban character of the Kadıköy historical city center is closely related with family type, income level and cultural diversity. Among these variables, cultural diversity is again found as the key factor of change in urban space like in the preliminary study. Above all, this study has unique contributions in search for alternative methodologies to overcome limitations in the availability of data and it is expected to open new dimensions for further studies in social sciences and urban studies. It is also published in the journal Social Indicators Research with the same title. In the second part of the study, changing character of everyday living and culture is, first of all, discussed on the theoretical basis in relation with nICTs (Chapter 4). Possible effects of developments in nICTs were depicted as a part of process analysis. The outcome of the study shows that there are three phases by which urban (public) space is expected to change according to the impact of socio-technological factors. These phases are: (1) adaptation of technology in public displays/furniture and in building shells; (2) production of mixed-use areas; and finally (3) replacing certain uses within urban space. Among these phases, the fastest phase we are more likely to see its results is the adaptation of technology in public displays and furniture or in building shells, and in contrary, the slowest expected change is the replacement of certain uses within the urban space. Nevertheless, the transition phase of blending the physicality and the virtuality in a certain place gives some clues about the expectations from change in urban space in the near future. With the production of mixed-use spaces, nICTs are becoming a part of the physicality. They both enable multiple interactions (physical and virtual) to take place in a certain place or a location, and replace certain media and serve it virtually. These virtually mediated actions need attention to be paid so as to give shape to the future of cities as they critically change the notions of place attachment and place dependency. This study also has unique contributions to the theory by proposing an alternative definition (socio-technological factors) and by discussing its impact on future urban space configurations. This chapter is published in the journal Space and Culture with the same title. Nevertheless, the impact of technology on socio-spatiality should be evaluated as a shaping element of social practices within the daily life, and in return, as a shaping element of urban space as these social practices are inevitably taking place in it. Thus, envisioning the future aspects of nICTs means trying to observe and conceptualize newly emerging socio-spatialities based on the socio-technological factors that are being materialized by means of diversifying social relations on the physical and digital space. However, in order to determine these socio-technological factors, local scale analyses are needed as they are shaped and limited by differentiating cultural, economic, environment, soci(et)al, political, and technological circumstances of the geographies. On behalf of determining these socio-technological factors, in the final stage of the thesis (Chapter 5), a web-based survey was conducted in the case study area. 473 responses from the survey were analyzed by means of consecutive methods: multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and categorical regression (CATREG). By these analyses, first, socio-technological groups/profiles among users (inhabitants, workers, visitors) of Kadıköy historical city center were determined, and then, their preferences among physical space versus virtual space were revealed. Three socio-technological profiles were depicted which are highly mobile techno, mobile transi-techno and techo-selective. Additionally, it is come up with the result that although certain physical spaces are being replaced by virtual spaces, place attachment seems to be continuing its significance and vitality. These show a clue that Kadıköy historical city center is under a transition process for adapting nICTs in daily life activities. This chapter is also submitted to an international peer-reviewed journal for consideration for publication at the time this thesis is submitted. In overall, this dissertation can be taken as an attempt to determine the existing socio-technological factors, and to test for their impact on urban space as a part of socio-spatial dialectic. Based on the reality that socio-spatial change is a long run change, it will also take longer time to fully depict the impact of socio-technological factors on urban space in terms of defining its speed and cycles of change. For this reason, at this point, it is not possible to propose a definite pattern for change in urban space related to diversifying socio-technological factors. However, this dissertation can be taken as a step to do so. At least, with this thesis, it is intended to encourage and lay the groundwork for similar research on this topic.