Uluslararası Güvenlik Yönetimi (ısm) Kodu Ve Uygulaması

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Tarih
1998
Yazarlar
Aydın, Hasan
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
Dünya Denizciliği'nde gemilerden kaynaklanan kazalar ve bunların sebep olduğu can ve mal kayıpları ile çevreye verdiği zararlar hızla artmaktadır. Halen ticaret denizciliğinde, çok az sayıda varolan standart şartlarda işletilen gemiler ile büyük çoğunluğu standart altı şartlarda işletilen gemiler mevcuttur. Standart ve standart altı şartlarda gemi işleten denizcilik firmaları arasında, standart şartlarda gemi işleten firmalar aleyhine haksız bir rekabet söz konusudur. Bu kazalar ve sebep oldukları kayıpların minimuma indirilmesi ile haksız rekabetin Önlenmesi için bütün denizcilik firmalarının en az asgari standartlarda işletmecilik yapması gerekir. Bu maksatla Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü (IMO) tarafından kapsamı ISO 9002' den biraz daha dar bir standart olan Uluslararası Güvenlik Yönetimi (ISM ) Kodu, güvenlik ve çevre korunması amacıyla yürürlüğe konmuştur. Dünyada ilk kez denizcilik sektörü, en üst makamınca böyle bir standardı zorunlu uygulanması için yürürlüğe koymuştur. Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü en geç 1 Temmuz 1998 tarihine kadar 500 grt ve üzerindeki dökme yük gemileri ve tankerlerin ISM Kodu'na uygun işletildiğini gösteren Güvenlik Yönetimi Sertifikası (SMC) almasını zorunluluk haline getirmiştir. Bu tarihler 150 grt ve üzerindeki konteyner, genel kargo gemileri, dökme yük gemileri ve diğer bütün gemiler için 1 Temmuz 2002 olarak Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü tarafından karara bağlanmıştır. Bu tarihlerden itibaren Güvenlik Yönetimi Sistemi' ne uygun işletilmeyen gemilerin yükleri taşımasına müsaade edilmeyecektir. Bu çalışma da ISM Kodu'na duyulan gereksinimler, ISM Kodu'na ulaşma aşamaları ve Koda uygun olarak oluşturulan bir Güvenlik Yönetimi Sistemi ve Kodu' n ülkemizdeki uygulama durumu ; işletme ve kalite bilimlerinin genel kabulleri, denizde güvenlik ve çevre koruma ile ilgili bütün düzenlemeler, konvansiyonlar ile modern teknoloji doğrultusunda incelenmiş ; muhtemel problemler çözümleriyle birlikte ortaya konmuştur. Çalışma da ISM Kodu'na uygun Güvenlik Yönetimi Sistemi'ni gerçek anlamda uygulayacak firmaların, ulaştıkları kalite standardıyla birlikte; işletme giderlerinin azalacağı, güvenliğe önem veren ve de çevreye saygılı denizcilik firmaları hedefine ulaşılacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca ISM Kodu uygulamasının Türk denizcilik firmalarındaki durumu değerlendirilmiştir.
Mercantile ship management is a complicated business requiring specialty which is governed by comprehensive rules and conventions devised by national and international authorities. However, the arrangement of the technical matters of safe management enables attaining partially the goal of safe ship management which is not involved in pollution. Although the ship master is obviously responsible of the safety of the ship and the crew, the full responsibility of the management of each ship belongs to the ship owner or the person or organization taking over such responsibility. Though statistical analysis reveal that approximately 80% of all ship management accidents result from human failure, the fact underlying it happens to be human attitudes and deficiencies including cases where the cause is established as insufficiency of structure and equipment. The mission facing all ship management companies is to minimize faulty decisions of people which may directly or indirectly cause accidents or pollution. One of the objectives should comprise informing and equipping the employees in such a way to ensure that they shall safely perform their managerial responsibilities. Any decision taken on land may be as vital as those taken on board and any decision taken at any level of the company, influencing safety or environmental pollution, is required to be assessed in terms of its consequences. The adoption of the International Safety Management Code (ISM), by IMO, for the purpose of managing the ships safely and preventing the pollution, results from the will of the State to attain these goals. ISM Code specifies rules to organize the management of the company and put into effect a safety management system in pursuit of safety and prevention of environmental pollution forming an international standard for the safe administration and managing of ships. Rules and regulations governing the safety and preservation of the environment have developed in time through stages related to ship management sector of the present day. The first step emphasizes on the consequences of safety deficiencies. It involves an effort of finding someone to blame after incidents like personal injuries, damage incurred in the ship or the cargo or environmental pollution. This creates a penal culture, the major objective of which is describing the fault and attributing it to the last person in the chain of incidents. The punishment is performed xn in such a way that the company punishes the master and the personnel; and the state where the port is in punishes the company or its ship. The second stage comprises prior description of the safety management by the rules and regulations set out to be followed in the sector. For example, the provisions of SOLAS 1974, MARPOL 73/78, COLREG Convention for Preventing Collisions and Loading Limit and STTCW from the basis of the external arrangement framework for international ship management. This step constitutes a development in comparison with the first stage owing to the fact that it has been designed to intervene the known point of peril before actual damage is incurred. It paves the way of culture of conforming to external rules. Yet it is not sufficient enough to apply external rules. Because rules provide means to achieve safety and not final within themselves. The third and most developed stage is one of where the regulations have proceeded a long way than establishing criteria for conforming which are imposed externally and the culture in which the safety is self arranged is created. This stage emphasizes on internal management and organization in terms of safety, encouraging the marine sector and the companies to determine targets of safety. Self arrangement emphasizes that each company and individual should be responsible rather than acquiring the measures taken which are aimed at the development of safety and imposed externally. It calls from the devising of safety management systems peculiar to the company or to the ship if the subject is ship management. In this third stage, what is significant is that safety is organized by people directly affected in the case of a deficiency. In the ship management industry worldwide, the arrangement for safety and the prevention. of environmental pollution has been characterized both as a penal culture and a culture of conformity to the external rules. The adoption of ISM rules by IMO and their compulsory application by all member states is an important step towards the formation of a self arranging culture in ship management. Nevertheless, self-arranging is not much effective by itself. All three stages are required for safer seas and preservation of the environment. Each stage plays an important role with respect to the corporate and individualistic attitude being influenced. Accidents arising because of the ships and the loss of goods and casualties together with the damage caused in the environment is increasing in number rapidly in the World Maritime. Still, in the mercantile maritime few ships are running in accordance with the standard conditions where a great majority with substandard conditions. An unfair competition between maritime companies which run ships under substandard conditions and those under standard conditions exists on favor of the former. XIII To minimize the accidents an the losses they cause and to curb unfair competition, all maritime companies should operate under minimum standards at the least. To this end, IMO has put into effect the International Safety Management Certificate (SMC9 certifying compatibility with the ISM code until July 1, 1998 at the latest. The date for containers, general cargo ships, bulk carriers and all other ships under 150 grt has been specified by the International Maritime Organization as July 1, 2002. As from such date, ships that are not running in accordance with the Safety Management System shall not be permitted to transport goods. The ISM Code imposes following main responsibilities: 1- Information disclosure : The person responsible for the ship's operation must be identified to the flag state. 2- Policy Statement : The Company must have a written policy on safety and environmental protection. 3- Involvement of top management: There must be full commitment to safety management at board level and a dedicated safety officer must be appointed who has direct access to top management. 4- Ship master's authority : The ship master must be assured of top management's unconditional support to his decision-making authority onboard. 5- Written procedures : Safety management procedures must be specified in writing. 6- Manual : Levels of authority and communication must be defined in a manual put in a place by the person responsible for the operation of the ship..7- Resources : The person responsible for the operation of the ship must be given adequate resources for safety management and logistical support. 8- Emergency response plan : Written emergency procedures must be prepared. 9- Reporting : Procedures must be formulated for the reporting of violations and accidents. 10- Maintenance : A planned maintenance procedure should be developed and applied for every kind of equipment onboard. 11- Review : Auditing and management review procedures must be developed. Shipping companies which intends to apply ISM Code have to get "Document of Compliance" for company and "Safety Management Certificate" for their vessels. "The Steps of Document of Compliance for company and Safety Management Certificate for ship has been shown on the following scheme. XIV en H en 8 I» W on S «5 «. In this study, the need for an International Safety Management, stages to attain the ISM code, a Safety Management System established in accordance with the Code and the application of the Code in our country; general acceptance of the sciences of management and quality, all regulations regarding safety at sea and preservation of the environment have been analyzed in terms of convention and modern technology and probable have been set forth accompanied by solutions. The study concludes that the operation costs of companies which shall actually apply the Safety Management System in accordance with the ISM Code shall decrease due to the quality standard reached and the goal of maritime companies friendly with the environment shall be attained. Additionally, the application of ISM Code in Turkish maritime companies has been evaluated.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans ) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1998
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 1998
Anahtar kelimeler
Uluslararası güvenlik yönetim,, International security management
Alıntı