İklim Ve Sanat Bağlamında İklimin Rönesans Resim Sanatına Etkisi
İklim Ve Sanat Bağlamında İklimin Rönesans Resim Sanatına Etkisi
Dosyalar
Tarih
2017
Yazarlar
Şen, Nilüfer
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Institute of Social Sciences
Institute of Social Sciences
Özet
Mühendislik terimi olarak iklim belirli ve uzun bir zaman aralığında, yeryüzünde belirli bir yer için atmosferin gözlemlenen sıcaklık, nem, yağış, şekil ve miktarı, rüzgarlar gibi özelliklerinin ortalama ve uç değerlerinin genel durumu anlamına gelmektedir. Bir sosyoloji terimi olarak iklim ise yeryüzünün geniş ya da bir bölümünde hava olaylarının, kimi küçük sapmalar bir yana, her yıl yinelenen genel gidişidir. 14. Yüzyıldan başlayıp 17. Yüzyıla uzanan, bu dünyanın ötesiyle ilgilenen, dini kriterleri temel alan, kendi içine dönük Ortaçağ’dan çıkışın yaşandığı Avrupa’daki sanat, edebiyat ve öğrenimdeki canlanmanın etkinliği, ruhu veya zamanı olarak tanımladığımız Rönesans aslında paradigma değişimlerinin yaşandığı bir dönemdi. Klasik antikitenin yeniden doğuşu olarak kabul edilen Rönesans’tan önce de antikite aslında yok olmamıştı. Çoğu tarihçinin antikitenin yeniden keşfi yerine bu döneme yeniden ışık tutulduğu görüşünü benimsediği Rönesans’ta doğalcı bir gerçeklik anlayışıyla doğaya ve insana yönelen, doğayı inceleme ve gözlemleme isteğinin ön plana çıktığı bir anlayış gelişti. Doğayı gözlemlemeye yönelik bu ilgi beraberinde iklim gözlemlerini de getirmiştir. Bilim tarihinin ilk bilim adamı saydığı Thales meteorolojik olayları incelemiştir. Thales’in öğrencisi Anaksimandros (MÖ 610-546) meteorolojik olaylar hakkında düşünceler öne sürmüştür. MÖ 585-525 yılları arasında yaşamış bir bilim insanı ve filozof olan Anaksimenes, yine filozof olan Empedokles de meteorolojik olaylarla ilgilenmiş; yağışın, yıldırımın ne olduğuna ve neden kaynaklandığına dair açıklamalar getirmeye çalışmıştır. Aristo da meteorolojik olayları incelemesi sonucunda çıkardığı Meteorologica isimli eserinde yağmur, bulut, sis, çığ, kırağı ve doluyu açıklamıştır. Hava olaylarına bu denli kafa yormuş bilim insanları, mühendis ve filozofların yaşadığı Antik Çağ’a ışık tutan Rönesans aydınlarının ve sanatçılarının doğa, iklim, insan ilişkilerine ilgi duyduğunu düşünmek yanlış olmaz. Bu tez kapsamında öncelikle doğa, kültür, insan ilişkileri incelenecektir. Bu ilişki sonucunda iklimden Rönesans aydın ve sanatçılarının ne şekilde etkilenmiş olabileceği araştırılacaktır. İncelemede Rönesans’taki iklimsel koşullar irdelenecektir. Rönesans coğrafyası ve dönemleri temelinde resim sanatının aldığı iklimsel etkiler ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılacaktır. Dört ayrı Rönesans ressamı ve örnek yapıtları incelenmek suretiyle iklimsel bağlamda etkilenmeler açıklanacaktır.
Climate as an engineering term refers to the general state of the average and extreme values of characteristics such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, type and quantity, winds observed in the atmosphere for a certain place on the earth for a certain period of time. Climate as a sociological term is a general trend of weather events on a large or part of the earth with some minor deviations that repeat every year. The Renaissance, which we define as the activity, spirit or time of art, literature, and learning in Europe, starting from the 14th century to the 17th century, which is based on religious criteria, and which is the end of Middle Ages, is actually a period of paradigm shift . Antiquity did not actually disappear before the Renaissance, which was regarded as the rebirth of classical antiquity. In Renaissance, where most historians have taken the view that this turn is once again being brightened instead of rediscovering antiquity, an understanding of a naturalistic sense of reality has developed to the fore in the desire to examine nature and to observe nature. This interest in observing the nature brought with it climate observations. Thales, the first scientist in the history of science, has studied meteorological phenomena. Thales's student, Anaximandros (610-546 BC), put forward considerations about meteorological events. Anaksimenes, a scholar and philosopher who lived between 585 and 525 BC, and Empedocles, a philosopher, were also interested in meteorological events. They tried to explain the rainfall, what the lightning is and why it is caused. Aristotle explains the rain, cloud, fog, avalanche, frost and hail in his book, Meteorologica, which he excavated as a result of the investigation of meteorological events. It would not be wrong to think that Renaissance intellectuals and artists, who shed light on the events of the Ancient Age in which scientists, engineers and philosophers lived, were interested in nature, climate and human relations. Within the scope of the thesis firstly nature, culture and human relations will be examined. As a result of this relationship, how the Renaissance intellectuals and artists might be influenced by climate will be investigated. Climatic conditions in the Renaissance will be examined in the review. The climatic effects of painting art based on Renaissance geography and periods will be tried to be revealed. Four different Renaissance painters and illustrative works will be explored and influences in the climatic context will be explained.
Climate as an engineering term refers to the general state of the average and extreme values of characteristics such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, type and quantity, winds observed in the atmosphere for a certain place on the earth for a certain period of time. Climate as a sociological term is a general trend of weather events on a large or part of the earth with some minor deviations that repeat every year. The Renaissance, which we define as the activity, spirit or time of art, literature, and learning in Europe, starting from the 14th century to the 17th century, which is based on religious criteria, and which is the end of Middle Ages, is actually a period of paradigm shift . Antiquity did not actually disappear before the Renaissance, which was regarded as the rebirth of classical antiquity. In Renaissance, where most historians have taken the view that this turn is once again being brightened instead of rediscovering antiquity, an understanding of a naturalistic sense of reality has developed to the fore in the desire to examine nature and to observe nature. This interest in observing the nature brought with it climate observations. Thales, the first scientist in the history of science, has studied meteorological phenomena. Thales's student, Anaximandros (610-546 BC), put forward considerations about meteorological events. Anaksimenes, a scholar and philosopher who lived between 585 and 525 BC, and Empedocles, a philosopher, were also interested in meteorological events. They tried to explain the rainfall, what the lightning is and why it is caused. Aristotle explains the rain, cloud, fog, avalanche, frost and hail in his book, Meteorologica, which he excavated as a result of the investigation of meteorological events. It would not be wrong to think that Renaissance intellectuals and artists, who shed light on the events of the Ancient Age in which scientists, engineers and philosophers lived, were interested in nature, climate and human relations. Within the scope of the thesis firstly nature, culture and human relations will be examined. As a result of this relationship, how the Renaissance intellectuals and artists might be influenced by climate will be investigated. Climatic conditions in the Renaissance will be examined in the review. The climatic effects of painting art based on Renaissance geography and periods will be tried to be revealed. Four different Renaissance painters and illustrative works will be explored and influences in the climatic context will be explained.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2017
Thesis (M.A.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 2017
Thesis (M.A.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 2017
Anahtar kelimeler
Çağdaş Sanat,
Resim Tarihi,
Avrupa,
Painting,
History of Europe,
Modern Art