Kentiçi Raylı Sistemlerde Hat Bakımlarının Planlanması, Yönetimi Ve Risk Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Ülkemizde özellikle İstanbul başta olmak üzere son yıllarda köylerden kentlere doğru göçlerin olması sebebiyle günlük hayatta ulaşım problemleri görülmektedir. Her geçen gün insanların trafikte geçirdiği zaman artmaktadır. Bu sebeple yerel yönetim yetkilileri kentiçi raylı sistem yatırımlarına verdikleri önemi artırmışlardır. Bu tez çalışması iki kısımdan meydana gelip ilk kısmında yurtdışı örneklerinin de verildiği kentiçi raylı sistem hat bakımlarının planlanmasından ve yönetiminden bahsedilmiş olup ortaya daha somut veriler koymak adına Başakşehir Metro hattı ele alınmıştır. Demiryolu bakım çalışmalarının planlamasının nasıl yapıldığından, sınırlayıcı koşullardan, çakışan bakımların ötelenmesinden bahsedilmiştir. Tezde ele alınan tüm bakımlar, lokasyonlar ve sayısal veriler tamamen somut veriler olup şahsım tarafından hazırlanmıştır ve halen aynı bakım planlaması üzerinden hat bakım çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmektedir. 2 yılı planlı olmak üzere 3 yıldır hat bakımlarının yapıldığı Başakşehir metro hattında başarılı bir planlama neticesinde bakımların aksamadan ve özenle yapılması sayesinde yolculara güvenli ve konforlu hizmet verilmektedir. Ayrıca planlı bakımlar hattın ekonomik ömrünü de uzatmaktadır. Tez çalışmamızın ikinci kısmında ise kentiçi raylı sistemlerin hat bakım çalışmaları neticesinde ortaya çıkabilecek tehlike ve risklere karşı alınması gereken tedbirlerden bahsedilmiştir. Bu tedbirleri belirlerken bütün bakım çalışmaları tek tek ele alınmış olup her biri ile ortaya çıkabilecek riskler ve mevcut tedbirler gözönünde bulundurulmuştur. Risk değerlendirmesi yaparken Fine-Kinney methodu kullanılmıştır. Risk değerlendirmesi sonucu sürdürülecek tedbir çalışmaları için yetkili personeller belirlenmiştir. Bakım çalışmalarında olduğu gibi risk değerlendirmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan sonuç raporu da halen Başakşehir Metro Hattında aktif olarak kullanılmaktadır. Üzerinde çalışılan risk değerlendirmesi ile kentiçi raylı sistemler hat bakım çalışmalarında yaşanabilecek kaza oranını minimuma indirgemek hedeflenmektedir.

In our country especillay in Istanbul there have been some transport problems in daily life in recent years due to the migration from villages to cities. The time that people spend in traffic has been increasing day by day. Therefore, the local government officials have increased the importance which they give to investment in urban railway system. Because urban railway systems are more ecological, safer and more comfortable than the other public trasnports. Also people can go anywhere they want just in time as it has no relation to traffic. Now, there are 4 metro lines and 2 tram lines in İstanbul and their total length is 120 km. On the other hand 2 new metro lines’ construction continue. And also many metro lines’ projects have being designed. Aim for the year 2023, total urban railway systems lenght is 630 km in İstanbul. If it will be accomplished, İstanbul is going to have one of the longest urban railway system all over the world. By the way, the number of passengers will increase 5-6 times. In this thesis, which consists of two parts in which in the first part planning of urban railway system maintenance and management have been mentioned with the examples from overseas, Başakşehir Metro Line has been studied in order to put some concrete data. And also mentioned that how it made the planning of rail maintenance work, what are the limiting conditions, how it made the displacement of maintenance works. All maintenance, locations and quantitive datas discussed in the thesis are completely concrete and prepared by myself and also track maintenance work has still been carried out on the same planning of maintenance. For a better understanding of track maintenance planning, the management, station and tunnel structures and the connection systems, superstructure and geometric features of Başakşehir Metro Line have been mentioned primarily making the definition of tram, light rail transit and metro. In order to make a planning of urban railway system, a wide knowledge of line maintenance is required. While making a planning of maintenance, the maintenance time, maintenance intervals, the number of employees needed for this maintenance work and how many people are in need for how many hours are determined. Afterwards, the capacity of man-hour in one-week period that the mainteance unit has is determined and the maintenance planning is made beginning with the shortest period one. The longer maintenance period which coincides with another maintenance in the same week is made one week before or after. How to use some maintenace equipments and the analysis of them on computer environment has been also mentioned while mentioning about the methods of maintenance. Especially emphasizing the line geometric measuring devices, how to interpret the graphics has been mentioned. The reason why we emphasize this device is that thanks to this device we can see lots of measurement which can be made with hands on computer environment at the same time. As a result of good planning, safe and comfortable service has been offered to passengers for 3 years-2 years of planned- thanks to regular and careful maintenance on Başakşehir Metro Line. Also planned maintenance prolong the economic life of track. On the other hand, poor lines increases the cost of management distrupting the profile of trains' wheel. In the second part of the thesis, some precautions that must be taken against probable danger and risks that may occur as a result of urban railway systems maintenance work have been issued. All maintenance work in determininng these measures have been discussed individually with each of the risks that may arise and measures that have been taken into account. While assesing risk, other risk assesment methods such as Matris, FMEA, FTA, ETA, HAZOP have been mentioned and Fine-Kenney method has been used. The reason why we've used Finne-Kinney method is that many line maintenance works have been made in different periods and every maintenance work has different timetable. Not only mainteance works must be done by experts but also risk assesment must be done by experts. For this reason, foreign service recruitment for the risk assesment of line maintenace is not appropriate. Providing the service of Kartal-Kadıköy Metro Line in 2013 and Başakşehir Metro Line in 2014, there has been increase in the number of work accidents in urban railway system in Istanbul. However, as a result of effective occupational health and safety studies applied in Başakşehir Metro Line, the increase in the number of work accident in maintenance unit has been prevented. This result has been got in the light of the past and current data of work accidents. In 2014, there has been only one work accident in Başakşehir Metro Line. Just as in the maintenance work, the final report in consequence of risk assesment has still been used actively on Başakşehir Metro Line. This risk assessment which is about the maintenance works in urban railwasy systems aims to mimimize the accident rate.